opencv矩阵运算

news/2024/7/3 13:11:58 标签: vb, float, 语言, 存储, c
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color:rgb(8,68,135); margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">                                               opencv矩阵运算

color:rgb(8,68,135); margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial">  

color:rgb(8,68,135); margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial">

color:rgb(8,68,135); margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial">  综述
    color:rgb(8,68,135); margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial">
    • color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial">
    • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">OpenCV有针对矩阵操作的Cclass="tags" href="/tags/YuYan.html" title=语言>语言函数. 许多其他方法提供了更加方便的C++接口࿰c;其效率与OpenCV一样.
    • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">OpenCV将向量作为1维矩阵处理.
    • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">矩阵按行class="tags" href="/tags/CunChu.html" title=存储>存储࿰c;每行有4字节的校整.


  •
      color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial">
    • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> 分配矩阵空间：
    • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ce; white-space:pre">CvMat* cvCreateMat(int rows, int cols, int type);
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">type: 矩阵元素类型. 格式为CV_<bit_depth>(S|U|F)C<number_of_channels>. 例如: CV_8UC1 表示8位无符号单通道矩阵, CV_32SC2表示32位有符号双通道矩阵.
例程: CvMat* M = cvCreateMat(4,4,CV_32FC1);
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">

    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">释放矩阵空间: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* M = cvCreateMat(4,4,CV_32FC1);
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvReleaseMat(&M);
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">复制矩阵: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* M1 = cvCreateMat(4,4,CV_32FC1);
CvMat* M2;
M2=cvCloneMat(M1);
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">

    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">初始化矩阵: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">double a[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
CvMat Ma=cvMat(3, 4, CV_64FC1, a);
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
另一种方法:
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat Ma; cvInitMatHeader(&Ma, 3, 4, CV_64FC1, a);
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">

    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">初始化矩阵为单位阵: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* M = cvCreateMat(4,4,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvSetIdentity(M); // 这里似乎有问题࿰c;不成功
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">

    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">

color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">存取矩阵元素

    color:rgb(8,68,135); margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">假设需要存取一个2维浮点矩阵的第(i,j)个元素.
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">间接存取矩阵元素:
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvmSet(M,i,j,2.0); // Set M(i,j) t = cvmGet(M,i,j); // Get M(i,j)
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">直接存取࿰c;假设使用4-字节校正: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* M = cvCreateMat(4,4,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">int n = M->cols; 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">class="tags" href="/tags/FLOAT.html" title=float>float *data = M->data.fl;ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">data[i*n+j] = 3.0;
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">直接存取࿰c;校正字节任意: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* M = cvCreateMat(4,4,CV_32FC1);
int step = M->step/sizeof(class="tags" href="/tags/FLOAT.html" title=float>float);
class="tags" href="/tags/FLOAT.html" title=float>float *data = M->data.fl;
(data+i*step)[j] = 3.0;
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">直接存取一个初始化的矩阵元素: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">double a[16]; 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat Ma = cvMat(3, 4, CV_64FC1, a); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">a[i*4+j] = 2.0; // Ma(i,j)=2.0;
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">

color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">矩阵/向量操作

    color:rgb(8,68,135); margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">矩阵-矩阵操作: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat *Ma, *Mb, *Mc;ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvAdd(Ma, Mb, Mc); // Ma+Mb -> Mc 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvSub(Ma, Mb, Mc); // Ma-Mb -> Mc 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvMatMul(Ma, Mb, Mc); // Ma*Mb -> Mc
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">按元素的矩阵操作: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat *Ma, *Mb, *Mc; 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvMul(Ma, Mb, Mc); // Ma.*Mb -> Mc 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvDiv(Ma, Mb, Mc); // Ma./Mb -> Mc 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvAddS(Ma, cvScalar(-10.0), Mc); // Ma.-10 -> Mc
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">向量乘积: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">double va[] = {1, 2, 3}; 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">double class="tags" href="/tags/VB.html" title=vb>vb[] = {0, 0, 1}; 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">double vc[3];
CvMat Va=cvMat(3, 1, CV_64FC1, va); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat Vb=cvMat(3, 1, CV_64FC1, class="tags" href="/tags/VB.html" title=vb>vb); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat Vc=cvMat(3, 1, CV_64FC1, vc);
double res=cvDotProduct(&Va,&Vb); // 点乘: Va . Vb -> res 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvCrossProduct(&Va, &Vb, &Vc); // 向量积: Va x Vb -> Vc end{verbatim}

    color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial; word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">注意 Va, Vb, Vc 在向量积中向量元素个数须相同.

    color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial; word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">

  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">单矩阵操作: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat *Ma, *Mb; 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvTranspose(Ma, Mb); // transpose(Ma) -> Mb (不能对自身进行转置) 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvScalar t = cvTrace(Ma); // trace(Ma) -> t.val[0] 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">double d = cvDet(Ma); // det(Ma) -> d 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvInvert(Ma, Mb); // inv(Ma) -> Mb
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">非齐次线性系统求解: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* A = cvCreateMat(3,3,CV_32FC1);
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> CvMat* x = cvCreateMat(3,1,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* b = cvCreateMat(3,1,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvSolve(&A, &b, &x); // solve (Ax=b) for x
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">特征值分析(针对对称矩阵): 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* A = cvCreateMat(3,3,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* E = cvCreateMat(3,3,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* l = cvCreateMat(3,1,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvEigenVV(&A, &E, &l); // l = A的特征值 (降序排列)
                       // E = 对应的特征向量 (每行)
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
  • color:initial; list-style-type:disc; list-style-position:initial"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">奇异值分解SVD: 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* A = cvCreateMat(3,3,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* U = cvCreateMat(3,3,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* D = cvCreateMat(3,3,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">CvMat* V = cvCreateMat(3,3,CV_32FC1); 
    ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">cvSVD(A, D, U, V, CV_SVD_U_T|CV_SVD_V_T); // A = U D V^T

    color:initial; list-style-type:none; list-style-position:initial; word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal"> ckground-color:rgb(255,255,255)">标号使得 U 和 V 返回时被转置(若没有转置标号࿰c;则有问题不成功!!!).


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